Grandparents – The roots of the family

 Q. Grandparents are loving and wise, they are very experienced and help the new generations to learn and develop. However, due to the increasing pattern of the nuclear family system, the kids usually do not spend a lot of time with the elderly. Take hints from the unit ‘Relationship’ of My English Reader and with your own ideas write an article on ‘Grandparents – The roots of the family’. You are Shivani/Shivansh.

Hints:
• The eldest members of the family.
• Life wisdom from grand parents can be helpful
• Provide attention and care to the family
• With emerging socializing trends, we tend to ignore them
• Our responsibility to take proper care of them. 

Grandparents – The Roots of the Family
By: Shivani/Shivansh

In the tapestry of life, our grandparents are the threads that bind generations together. They are the living history books, the keepers of traditions, and the fountains of unconditional love. As the eldest members of the family, they have witnessed the ebb and flow of time, the rise and fall of empires, and the evolution of society. Their life experiences, often hard-earned, are a treasure trove of wisdom that can guide us through life’s challenges.   

Grandparents have a unique ability to provide attention and care to the family. They often shower their grandchildren with love, affection, and gifts. They share stories of their childhood, teach us values, and instill in us a sense of belonging. Their presence in our lives can bring immense joy and comfort, especially during difficult times.   

However, with the increasing prevalence of nuclear families and the emergence of new social trends, we often tend to neglect our elderly. In our pursuit of material success and fleeting pleasures, we forget the importance of family bonds. We prioritize our careers, social lives, and personal ambitions, leaving our grandparents feeling isolated and lonely.

It is our moral duty to take proper care of our grandparents. We should spend quality time with them, listen to their stories, and value their advice. By doing so, we not only honor them but also enrich our own lives. Let us remember that our grandparents are the roots of our family tree, and without them, we would be lost.

Vocabulary:
• tapestry: ups and downs
• ebb: decline, decay, ups and downs
• treasure: something special, valuable
• trove: collection
• fleeting: lasting for a very short time
• honor: respect
• enrich: समृद्ध improve or enhance the quality.

Why regularity in studies throughout the year spell success ?

 Q. You have to speak in the morning assembly on ‘Why regularity in studies throughout the year spell success?’ Draft the speech in 150-200 words. You are Samar/Sajana. You can use the following clues.

• keeps the students up-to-date with curriculum

• reduces the pressure during exam time

• students get ample time to learn the lessons

• reduces rote learning

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers, and my dear friends. I am Samar/Sajana, and today I’ll be speaking on the importance of regularity in studies throughout the year.

We often see students studying hard only close to exams. While hard work is essential, consistent effort is far more effective. Regular study habits keep us up-to-date with the curriculum. Imagine trying to learn an entire years syllabus in a few weeks! It becomes overwhelming and leads to stress.

Studying regularly reduces this pressure significantly. When we learn concepts gradually, we have ample time to understand them thoroughly. This promotes better comprehension and reduces the need for rote learning. Instead of memorizing facts, we can grasp the underlying principles, which is far more beneficial in the long run.  

Regularity also allows us to identify our weak areas early on, giving us time to seek help and improve. It fosters a sense of discipline and makes learning a continuous and enjoyable process. So, let’s pledge to be regular in our studies and pave the way for a successful future.

Thank you. 

Walk safe, Drive safe Article

 Q. A majority of road accidents are caused by human error. Reckless speed and negligent driving are the biggest causes. You feel strongly about the unfortunate loss of lives that can be casily prevented by taking simple precautions. Taking ideas from the visual, together with your own ideas, write an article for your school magazine on the topic "Walk Safe, Drive Safe" 

Walk Safe, Drive Safe: A Plea for Road Safety
By:

The hum of engines, the screech of tires, and the occasional siren blare are now an integral part of our urban symphony. While these sounds signify progress and development, they also underscore a grim reality: road accidents continue to claim countless lives every year. A majority of these accidents are preventable, stemming from human error, reckless driving, and negligence. It is imperative that we, as responsible citizens, prioritize road safety and adopt measures to mitigate these risks.   

The roads, once a lifeline connecting communities, have become a battleground where human lives hang in the balance. The careless disregard for traffic rules, the allure of speed, and the influence of distractions have transformed these thoroughfares into potential death traps. As pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists, we share a common responsibility to ensure the safety of ourselves and others.

Pedestrians, often the most vulnerable road users, must exercise caution. Crossing roads at designated crosswalks, adhering to traffic signals, and avoiding distractions like mobile phones are essential. Wearing reflective clothing, especially during nighttime, can significantly enhance visibility.   

For drivers, the onus lies in responsible driving. Obeying speed limits, avoiding distractions, and refraining from driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs are paramount. Wearing seatbelts and ensuring that passengers do the same can significantly reduce the severity of injuries in accidents. Additionally, being patient, courteous, and considerate towards other road users can contribute to a safer driving environment.   

Cyclists, too, must prioritize safety. Wearing helmets, using hand signals, and riding defensively can help minimize risks. Adhering to traffic rules and avoiding reckless maneuvers are crucial.

Ultimately, road safety is a collective responsibility. By embracing a culture of safety, we can significantly reduce the number of road accidents. Let us pledge to be mindful, patient, and responsible road users. By adopting safe practices, we can create a safer future for ourselves and generation to come.

• hum: a continuous low noise
• screech: loud or harsh voice
• siren: warning signal
• blare: to sound loud and harsh
• symphony: coordination, unity, balance, harmony.
• stemming from: derive from, come from
• Allure: powerful attraction
• thoroughfares: a road or path forming a route between two places
• If you exercise something such as your authority, your rights, or a good quality, you use it or put it into effect. 
• Caution is great care which you take in order to avoid possible danger. 
• onus: duty or responsibility
• severity: being very bad/serious
• patient: able to stay calm and not get angry, especially when there is a difficulty or you have to wait a long time
• courteous: polite and pleasant, showing respect for other people, well-mannered
• considerate: kind and helpful, unselfish, thoughtful, sympathetic.
• prioritize: means to rank in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important first.
• defensively: in a way that protects someone or something against attack or injury.
• maneuvers: movements or skillful plans.
• embracing: connecting, holding with open arms.
• significantly: in a way that is large or important enough to be noticed or have an effect

Critical thinking- an integral life skill of the 21st Century

 Q. Education is the process that trains us to think critically, independently and logically when faced with the grim realities of life. Write a speech to be delivered in the morning assembly, on the topic ‘Critical thinking- an integral life skill of the 21st Century’. You are Abhishek / Aishwarya.

A very good morning to everyone present here. I stand before you today to shed light on a skill that is as essential as the air we breathe – critical thinking. In the ever-evolving landscape of the 21st century, critical thinking has emerged as an indispensable tool for navigating the complexities of life.   

Critical thinking is not merely about analyzing information; it’s about questioning, evaluating, and forming independent judgments. It empowers us to break free from the shackles of conformity and embrace the power of our own minds. By honing our critical thinking skills, we can become discerning individuals who can sift through the deluge of information and discern truth from falsehood.   

In a world inundated with misinformation and propaganda, critical thinking acts as a shield, protecting us from being swayed by baseless claims and irrational beliefs. It encourages us to think beyond the surface, to delve deeper into the underlying issues, and to question the status quo.   

Critical thinking is not limited to academic pursuits; it permeates every aspect of our lives. Whether it’s making informed decisions about our health, finances, or relationships, or simply understanding the nuances of current events, critical thinking is our guiding light.

To cultivate critical thinking, we must embrace a mindset of curiosity and skepticism. We must be willing to challenge our own assumptions and to consider alternative perspectives. By engaging in thoughtful discussions, seeking diverse viewpoints, and actively seeking knowledge, we can strengthen our critical thinking muscles.   

In conclusion, critical thinking is the cornerstone of a well-rounded education. It equips us with the tools to navigate the challenges of the 21st century and to create a better future for ourselves and for generations to come. Let us embrace critical thinking as a lifelong pursuit and strive to become discerning, independent, and informed individuals.   

Thank you.

Role of Grandparents in our life

 Q. Given the present scenario of nuclear family system, dual- incomes and preoccupied parents, grandparents can be the perfect role models, caregivers and nurtures. They not only provide intergenerational learning opportunities but also facilitate balanced upbringing of their grandchildren. Taking ideas from the unit- ‘Relationships’ and using your own ideas write an article for your school magazine on the topic ‘Role of Grandparents in our life’. You are Ishaan/Ishaani.

Role of Grandparents in our life
By: Ishaani

In today’s scenerio, family size is decreasing with the passage of time. Grand parents are considered as the nurture for their grandchildren because both parents are working to survive in this competitive era.

Grandparents occupy a prominent position in the family. In fact, they are the senior most members and considered as backbone of the family. Role played by them are manifold. Their attention to their grandchildren means a lot to them. They spend most of their quality time with their grandchildrens. They give an unconditional love to them. They help in upbringing them by making them vulnerable to their surroundings. They teach them good manners. In addition to this, they teach them valuable lessons through various interesting stories and personal experiences. For instance, they teach them to offer a part of income to almighty or to the poor or needy and donate to charity. They accompany them to walk, trips, parks, temples etc. Their experience is valuable to younger family members. They familiarise the women about various rituals and qualities among people such as brotherhood, humanity, kindness and many more valuable qualities.

Moreover, Grandparents are the mentor, spiritual guide, teacher, care taker, hero of the children. They are cheer leaders in our life. They give them praise, best wishes, blessings, support and encouragement to move on the path/ladder of success. They motivate them to face challenges instead of disappointment. Apart from this, they bring so much to the family life. They can help to stabilize the family environment. They share their wisdom and wealth of experience with us. They add a sense of connection to the chain of humanity. They also provide a whole sense of history, identity and heritage. They can give perfect solutions to most of the problems.

Thus, grandparents play multidimensional roles in our life. Their mindfulness and activities can inspire everyone in the family. So, It is just only a myth that they are burden to the society or family.

Importance/ role/ Significance of Siblings

 Q. Our siblings are the first friends we meet in our life. They are our biggest support system. Even more than the friends or parents, they have been right by our sides through the awkward, embarrassing, joyous and miserable times of our lives. Using your own ideas write an article for your school magazine on the topic Importance of Siblings in our life. You are Isha/Ikshit. (120-150 words)

OR

You are Sameer/Siya, a student of class VII. You have to prepare a speech to be delivered in the morning assembly of your school on the topic ‘Significance of Siblings in Our Life’. Write the speech in about 120-150 words. You can use ideas from the unit ‘Relationships’ of My English Reader along with your views. 

OR

Of all the relationships , a bond between the siblings is always special. A sibling can be a guide, a friend, a mentor, a competitor , a teacher – all rolled into one. Taking ideas from unit “Relationships” of “My English Reader”, write a speech on the topic – “Role of Siblings in Our Life”  (Word Limit : 120-150 words) [SRDAV]

Importance of Siblings in our life
By:

Siblings are individuals who share one or both parents. A sibling is our brother or sister. They are considered as  our first friends we meet in life. They always stuck through thick and thin of life. They are true campanions. They play a very significant role in our life.

They are the next to parents to which we are closely associated with. They share the same wavelength and get along with each other. They help in upbringing of their younger siblings. They inculcate good manners in them from their early age such as wishing in the morning and at night to parents, to be obedient and respectful towards elders etc. They help in their home assignments, projects, models etc. making them a good innovators.  They prepare them with every important topic for their examination and assist them to pass with flying colours. They also accompany them in playing sports and games.

To err is human. Siblings make them aware of the mistake done by them and will not be repeat by their youngers. They share the true experience of their life which is useful in every step of our life. To exemplify, elder siblings advises on the real life situations. such as to maintain regularity in studies, not to involved/interferes in useless matters as conflicts or quarrels among students. Siblings are considered to be our true well wishers.

Thus, we can say that siblings are our superheroes. They motivate their youngers. It is the best and the longest relationship that one can ever have.

Making School Bags Lighter

 Q. There are so many books that are being carried by school children to school and bags are getting heavier instead of getting lighter. Write an article expressing how you feel about this and what you think should be done to get over this problem.

OR

You are Deepak/Deepika. Everyday you watch school children carrying heavy school bags on their backs. Their bags are getting heavier day by day instead of becoming lighter. Write an article expressing your ideas about making schoolbags lighter. You may use the following.
• heavy schoolbags: chronic back pain 
• not easy to carry on back 
• lockers in school- schools books/ classwork notebooks
• only homework to be carried home
• Use of E-books and computers

I.
A plea for lighter schoolbags
By:

It’s a daily sight, a heart-wrenching one. Young, innocent school children, their tender shoulders burdened by the weight of their heavy schoolbags. As days turn into weeks and weeks into months, the weight seems to increase, not decrease.

The repercussions of carrying such heavy loads are far-reaching. Chronic back pain, poor posture, and a host of other health issues are becoming increasingly common among our young generation. These heavy bags not only hinder their physical development but also affect their mental well-being, making it difficult for them to focus on their studies.

To alleviate this problem, a simple yet effective solution can be implemented: school lockers. By providing lockers in schools, students can store their textbooks, classwork notebooks, and other stationary items. This will significantly reduce the weight of their daily load, allowing them to carry home only the necessary homework.

In addition to lockers, the increasing use of e-books and computers can further lighten the burden. Digital textbooks and online resources can eliminate the need for heavy textbooks, making learning more accessible and efficient.

It’s time to prioritize the health and well-being of our children. By taking steps to lighten their schoolbags, we can ensure a brighter future for them. Let’s work together to make a difference and create a healthier learning environment for our young minds.

• Plea: an important and emotional request.
• Wrenching: A feeling of sadness
• repercussions: unpleasant effect

II.
MAKING SCHOOL BAGS LIGHTER
by: Deepak

The schoolbags children carry on their backs have really become back-breaking. Schoolchildren have to carry textbooks and workbooks on various subjects. Then there are exercise notebooks for classwork and homework. As the student gets promoted to the next class, his bag gets heavier instead of becoming lighter. In some cases the schoolbags outweigh the students. This leads me to wonder why the schoolbags must remain so heavy. Experts have reported that children find it difficult to carry bags on their back. Moreover, heavy schoolbags cause chronic back pain. These can be easily replaced by trolley bags. These can be pulled easily. Another way is, have lockers in school. The students can leave their schoolbooks and notebooks there. They need to carry only their homework notebooks. The use of E-books and computers can also lighten the burden of schoolbags.

Driving - An Art that Requires Maturity and Discipline that Comes with Age

 Q. The thrill of speed and the fascination for handling machines is something that the teenagers have been known to enjoy since time immemorial. This trait leads many a teenager to indulge taking to the wheel illegally. In the context of the rising number of underage driving and the consequent accidents, write an article, in about 150-200 words on the topic: “Driving- an art that requires maturity and discipline that comes with age.” You are Shyam/Shyama, the Cadet-incharge, NCC Unit, Balwant Public School, Sonipat.

Driving - An Art that Requires Maturity and Discipline that Comes with Age
By Shyam/Shyama, Cadet-in-charge, NCC Unit, Balwant Public School, Sonipat

The allure of the open road, the thrill of speed, and the power to command a machine often beckons teenagers. However, driving is not merely a physical act; it’s a complex interplay of judgment, reflexes, and emotional control. These are qualities that mature with age and experience.

Underage driving is a grave concern. It poses a significant threat to the driver, passengers, and other road users. The lack of experience, coupled with the impulsive nature of adolescence, can lead to reckless behavior, resulting in accidents that can have devastating consequences.

Driving is an art that demands respect. It requires a keen understanding of traffic rules, a sharp awareness of surroundings, and the ability to react swiftly to unforeseen circumstances. These skills are honed over time, with practice and a sense of responsibility.

As a young individual, I urge my peers to prioritize safety. Let us wait for the right age to experience the freedom of the road. Until then, let’s channel our energy into activities that are both exciting and safe. By respecting the laws and understanding the gravity of the situation, we can ensure a safer future for ourselves and others.

Impact of deforestation

 Q. Deforestation has become a big problem for mankind these days. Man is totally insensitive towards the mother nature and is causing irrevocable damage to it by cutting and then not replanting the trees. Floods, change in climate and rainfall and a sharp rise in temperature are few of the terrible repercussions (दुष्‍प्रभाव या दुष्‍परिणाम) of deforestation. Write an article emphasizing all these factors to conscientise the general public. (150-200 words)  

Deforestation: A Silent Threat to Our Planet
By:

Deforestation, the clearing of forests, has emerged as a critical environmental issue with far-reaching consequences. Driven by human activities like agriculture, logging, and urbanization, this relentless destruction of forests is wreaking havoc on our planet.

The impact of deforestation is multifaceted. Forests play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. When forests are cleared, this 1 natural carbon sink is diminished, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated climate change. This, in turn, results in rising global temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and more frequent and intense natural disasters like floods and droughts.  

Moreover, deforestation disrupts delicate ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity and soil erosion. Deforestation can also disrupt water cycles, leading to reduced rainfall and water scarcity. The consequences of these environmental disruptions are far-reaching, affecting everything from food security to human health.

To mitigate the devastating effects of deforestation, it is imperative to adopt sustainable practices. This includes reforestation efforts, responsible forest management, and reducing our reliance on paper products. By raising awareness and taking collective action, we can protect our forests and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

• wreaking havoc: To cause chaos or destruction or both, to cause great damage.

Impact of Lockdown on People in India.

 Q. To check the spread of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) the Indian Government declared the countrywide Lockdown for 24 days which extended to 19 days more, then for fourteen days more and so on........... Write an article on how this lockdown influenced the life of the people. (Word Limit 120-150 words)

Impact of Lockdown on People in India
By: Shruti X1l-A

To check the spread of Covid-19 pandemic, several countries took to imposing lockdown. Universally speaking. as a result of the lock- down, 'public mobility has declined sharply, a google report finds. In India, retail and recreational places like malls and cinema halls saw the steepest fall in the presence of people between the nonths of February and March compared to the presence between January and February. At the same time, there was a considerable ncrease in traffic from residences which indicates that more peo ple were staying at home. Due to the restrictions on railway, road and air traffic, people attached with different work places stayed home to work online, Visit to national parks, beaches and public gardens reduced drastically.

The outbreak of drastically spread Covid-19 has brought the entire world to a standstil While the world waits for its remedy, healith experts advise that the best way to control the spread is to stay indoors and maintain social distance. So, in order to control the pandemic, the government of India announced its first stage of na- tional lockdown for 24 days from March 22, 2020 to April 14, 2020. Given the rising numbers of confirmed cases and deaths in the country, the lockdown was extended to May 3. This was the second round of lockdown. The Government had to assure adequate supply of food and shelter for the underprivileged citizens, espe cially the unorganised working sector (the worker) and daily wage labourers.

As many stood on the frontline--the doctors, policemen, drivers and grocery shop owners-fighting against the virus, the govern- ment needed to do everything for the safety, of the real corona warriors.

The extended lockdown had both positive and negative implications on the people and society at large. As the global economy was now facing the worst recession, the impact was experienced by all.

With only essential commodities being produced, there was a negative impact on both the supply and demand side of the market chain, with a fall in GOP and rise in unemployment. Large scale industries like automobiles, steel and cement were badly hit. Despite the negative impacts, there is a brighter side of the lockdown as well.

The lockdown contained and reduced the number of Covid-19 infections and gave enough time to the infected patients to recover and break the chain of this invisible enemy.

Since, the first lockdown began on March 22, there has been a fall in the pollution level-cleaner air and improved quatity of river water. The lockdown has transformed people into disciplined, law abiding citizens which was a challenge for the government.

Job application for the post of an accountant

 Q. Write an application-cum-resume for the position of an accountant with Bharti Wallmart, Jalandhar Bye Pass, Ludhiana. Minimum qualification for the job is graduation, preferably in commerce with a two-year experience in accounting and knowledge of Tally. 

14-B, Sector-14
Panipat

July 17, 20XX

The Manager
Bharti Wallmart
Jalandhar Bye Pass
Ludhiana

Subject: Application for the post of an Accountant.
Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in 'The Tribune' dated July 15, 20xx for the post of an accountant. I find myself to be an eligible candidate and want to apply for the same. I enclose here with my bio-data for your kind perusal.
                 I am a young man of 25 years, who is very hardworking, active, innovating, dynamic with good communication skills. I am sure that after going through my bio-data you find me the most suitable candidate for the post.
                 If selected, i assure that I will discharge my duty with utmost satisfaction. I shall prove to be an asset for your company. I can be available for an interview at any date and time convenient by you.

Yours faithfully
ABC.

Encl. Resume

RESUME

1. Name:             ABC
2. Father's Name:   XYZ
3. Age:         30 years
4. Mailing Address: abc123@gmail.com
5. Qualifications:  i) B.com from DAV college in 2017 with 70% marks
ii) M.com
iii) 1 year course in Tally accounting software
6. Experience: 2 years as accountant in PQR Pvt. Ltd. in Chandigarh.
7. Salary expected: ₹ 30,000 p.m.
8. Salary Drawn: ₹ 25,000 p.m.
9. Languages known: English, Hindi
10. Hobbies: Reading books, listening music
11. Other skills: Cooperative, amiable, honest, good communication skills, flexible, creative
12.Reference: i) Dr. XY gupta,
                          DAV College, Panipat.
                          ii) Mr. L.M. Sharma
                          Chairman, PQR Pvt. Ltd.                                   Chandigarh.

The whole aim of human existence is to create peace, tranquillity and happiness

 Q. All of us have the power to make small changes in our behaviour, surroundings and our relationships that can help us not only to lead a happy life but also spread cheer and goodwill around us. You are Niraj/Nirja. Draft a speech to be delivered in the Inter House Speech Competition, on the topic ‘The whole aim of human existence is to create peace, tranquillity and happiness’. (120 - 150 words) 

Esteemed judges, respected teachers, and my dear friends

Today, I stand before you to share a simple yet profound truth: the ultimate purpose of our existence is to cultivate peace, tranquillity, and happiness. It's not about grand gestures or extraordinary achievements; it's about the small acts of kindness that ripple through our lives and the world around us.

Each of us possesses the power to create a ripple effect of positivity. A smile shared, a helping hand extended, a kind word spoken – these seemingly insignificant actions can transform lives. When we choose compassion over conflict, understanding over judgment, and love over hate, we sow the seeds of peace and harmony.   

Let us strive to be beacons of light in the darkness, spreading warmth and joy wherever we go. By nurturing our own inner peace, we can inspire others to do the same. Let us embrace the power of empathy, the beauty of forgiveness, and the strength of unity.

Remember, true happiness is not found in material possessions or fleeting pleasures, but in the connections we forge with others and the positive impact we make on the world. Let us live our lives with purpose, compassion, and an unwavering commitment to creating a more peaceful and harmonious future for all.   

Thank you.

English Dominance: A Threat to India's Languages

 Q. The English language has acquired a privileged position in India. It has caused the neglect of other Indian languages, including Hindi. Is there a need to pause and reflect on the situation? Write an article in about 120-150 words. 

English Dominance: A Threat to India's Languages
By:

English has become very important in India. It is used everywhere, from schools to workplaces. But this has led to a problem: other Indian languages, like Hindi or other regional languages, are being neglected.

When only English is given preference, people who don't know English are left behind. They find it difficult to get good jobs or study at good schools. This hurts their chances in life.

To solve this issue, we need to value all Indian languages. We should teach Hindi and other regional languages in schools and use them in government work. This will help everyone, especially those who come from rural backgrounds.

By promoting all languages, India can become a truly multilingual nation.

Additional points:
• As English becomes the preferred language for education, career advancement, and social mobility, regional languages are being gradually eroded. The consequences are far-reaching, resulting in a loss of cultural heritage and diversity.
• It is essential to recognize the value of native languages and take corrective measures to promote their use. We must encourage multilingualism and support initiatives that fosters the growth of Hindi and other Indian languages. By doing so, we can preserve our rich linguistic tapestry (connection) and ensure that our cultural identity is not subsumed (absorbed) by the dominance of English. Let us strive for more inclusive and diverse language landscape in India. 

Dominance: supreme influence, control

Combating Loneliness: A Call to Connect

 Q. Nuclear family system, lack of communication with parents and siblings, stress related to studies and peer pressure are some of the reasons leading to loneliness among the youth. This in turn is resulting in a variety of problems like development of suicidal and homicidal tendencies, depression and a feeling of insecurity etc. Write an article in not more than 200 words suggesting ways of dealing with this problem. Give it a suitable heading. 

Combating Loneliness: A Call to Connect
By: ABC

Loneliness, a silent epidemic, is increasingly affecting today's youth. Factors such as the nuclear family structure, diminished communication with parents and siblings, academic stress, and peer pressure contribute to this growing issue. This, in turn, can lead to serious mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts.

To address this pressing concern, it's imperative to foster stronger connections and promote mental well-being. Firstly, by prioritising relationships, we can make/devote time for quality interactions with friends and family. Engaging in meaningful conversations, sharing experiences and offering support to youth are the key factors in combating Loneliness. Additionally, open communication with youth is playing a vital role. A safe and open environment for discussions about feelings, fears and aspirations can help in combating loneliness among youth.

Moreover, youth should be encouraged to join some social groups or participate in clubs, sports team or community organizations to connect with like-minded individuals and build lasting friendships. The last but not the least that they should limit their screen time as the Excessive screen time can lead to feelings of isolation. To say is, a balanced digital interactions with real-world connections is also playing a very significant role in combating loneliness among youth.

By implementing these strategies, we can empower young people to overcome loneliness and build stronger, more fulfilling lives. Let’s work together to create a more connected and compassionate society.

• Epidemic: a large number of people or animals suffering from the same disease at the same time. (Small geographical area) 

• strategies: plan designed to achieve objective/aim.

Stunt Bikers: A Dangerous Trend

 Q. There is a fad among youth for sports bikes and very often they indulge in stunts to attract the attention of the public. This results disruption of law and order and cases of road-rage have also been reported by the traffic police. Despite a ban on this activity, there are various clubs which come out on the road in groups replicating the stunts in films. Write an article on ‘Stunt-bikers’, the dangers they are prone to and give suggestions on obedience of traffic rules on the road. 

Stunt Bikers: A Dangerous Trend
By: NOP

The allure of high-speed thrills and the desire for public admiration have led to a surge in the popularity of stunt biking among the youth. While these daredevil stunts may seem exciting, they pose significant risks to both the riders and the public.

A Risky Pursuit
Stunt biking involves a range of dangerous maneuvers, including wheelies, stoppies, and jumps. These activities often take place on public roads, disregarding traffic rules and endangering the lives of pedestrians and other motorists. The consequences of such reckless behavior can be severe, ranging from minor injuries to fatal accidents.

Disruption and Road Rage
The reckless behavior of stunt bikers often leads to disruptions in traffic flow and public order. Their loud exhaust systems and aggressive riding styles can provoke road rage incidents, escalating tensions between motorists. Furthermore, these activities can damage public infrastructure and private property, leading to additional costs and inconvenience.

The Need for Regulation
Despite the inherent dangers and negative societal impact, stunt biking continues to thrive. To address this issue, stricter enforcement of traffic laws is crucial. Authorities should impose hefty fines and penalties on individuals who engage in such activities. Additionally, awareness campaigns should be launched to educate the public about the risks associated with stunt biking.

Promoting Road Safety
To ensure the safety of all road users, it is imperative to promote responsible riding habits. Young bikers should be encouraged to participate in organized events and competitions that provide a safe and controlled environment for their stunts. By channeling their energy into legitimate platforms, they can fulfill their passion for biking without endangering themselves or others.

In conclusion, stunt biking is a dangerous trend that needs to be curbed. By enforcing traffic laws, raising awareness, and promoting responsible riding habits, we can create safer roads for everyone.

Vocabulary:
• allure: attraction, powerful attractiveness or charm.
• thrills: feeling of great pleasure or excitement, an exciting or pleasurable experience.
• admiration: प्रशंसा appreciation
• daredevil: dangerous
• exciting: pleasurable, make somebody happy, to make somebody react in particular way.
• pose: to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. 
• pursuit: the action of trying to achieve or get something, a recreational activity.
• maneuvers: movements, skillful plan.
• wheelies: a trick or manoeuvre whereby a bicycle or motorcycle is ridden for a short distance with the front wheel raised off the ground.
• stoppies: A stoppie is a bicycle or motorcycle trick where the rider lifts the back wheel off the ground by applying the front brake and then riding on the front wheel for a short distance.
• exhaust: drain or empty; exhaust system: a system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharge.
• thrive: grow
• legitimate: lawful, legal 

• endangering: to cause danger

• enforce: to make people obey a law or rule or do something that they do not want to.

Benefits of Electric vehicles (EVs)

 Q. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). Discuss the environmental and economic benefits of widespread EV adoption, and analyze the potential challenges that need to be addressed for a successful transition to electric mobility. You are Manav Mandal of class XII. Write an article for your school magazine. Use the given cues along with your own ideas to compose this article.

Environmental Benefits:
• Improved Air Quality.
• Elimination of harmful pollutants.
• Enhance urban air quality.
• Conservation of Natural Resources
• Use of renewable energy sources.
Economic Benefits:
• Cheaper charging compared to gasoline. 

• Reduced maintenance costs.

The Electric Revolution: A Brighter Future
By Manav Mandal, Class XII

The world is witnessing a paradigm shift in the automotive industry, with electric vehicles (EVs) emerging as a promising solution to pressing environmental and economic challenges. As a young individual deeply concerned about the future of our planet, I believe it's imperative to explore the benefits and potential hurdles associated with the widespread adoption of EVs.

Environmental Benefits
One of the most significant advantages of EVs is their positive impact on air quality. By eliminating tailpipe emissions, EVs contribute to cleaner air, reduced smog, and improved respiratory health. This is particularly beneficial for urban areas grappling with air pollution. Furthermore, the production of EVs can be powered by renewable energy sources like solar and wind, further minimizing their environmental footprint.

Economic Benefits
Beyond environmental advantages, EVs offer compelling economic benefits. The cost of charging an EV is significantly lower compared to the cost of gasoline, leading to substantial savings for consumers over time. Additionally, EVs require less maintenance as they have fewer moving parts, resulting in lower repair and maintenance costs.

Potential Challenges
While the future of electric mobility appears bright, several challenges need to be addressed to facilitate a smooth transition. One major concern is the limited range of many EV models, which can hinder long-distance travel. However, advancements in battery technology are steadily increasing the range of EVs, mitigating this issue. Another challenge is the availability of charging infrastructure. Expanding the network of charging stations is crucial to encourage EV adoption. Governments and private companies must collaborate to establish a robust charging infrastructure.

Moreover, the initial cost of purchasing an EV can be higher than that of a traditional gasoline vehicle. However, with increasing competition and government incentives, the price gap is narrowing. Additionally, the long-term savings from lower fuel and maintenance costs often offset the higher upfront investment.

Conclusion
The widespread adoption of electric vehicles holds immense potential to address pressing environmental and economic concerns. By embracing this technological revolution, we can create a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for generations to come. It is imperative that individuals, businesses, and governments work together to overcome the challenges and accelerate the transition to electric mobility.

• witness: to see something happen and be able to tell other people about it later

• Paradigm: पैरेडाइम: perspective, thinking, आदर्श
• Emerging: उभर , rising, becoming prominent, newly formed, become gradually visible, become known
• imperative: something that is very important
• tailpipe: an outlet by which engine exhaust (discharge) gases are expelled from a vehicle.
• emissions: production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.
• grappling: fighting
• footprint: an impression of the foot on a surface.
• environmental footprint: effect that an activity, a person has on the environment.
• compelling: able to hold your attention, very interesting.
• mobility: able to move freely and easily, chsngeability
• facilitate: make easy
• smooth: flat, easy
• transition: change  

How to Avoid being kidnapped.

 Q. You are concerned about the rise in kidnapping cases involving school children in Malaysia. Write an article for your school newsletter giving tips to your school mates on how to avoid being kidnapped.

Notes:
Do’s                                            
→ inform parents of where abouts
→ be alert of surrounding
→ remember important telephone numbers
Don’ts/Don’s
→ go anywhere alone
→ give out personal information
→ trust strangers

Stay Safe: Tips to Avoid Kidnapping
By: NOP

The recent surge in kidnapping cases involving school children in Malaysia has cast a shadow of fear over our community. As students, it is crucial to prioritize our safety and take proactive measures to protect ourselves. By following a few simple yet effective tips, we can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to such unfortunate incidents.

Firstly, it is imperative to always inform our parents or guardians about our whereabouts. By keeping them updated, we ensure that they can take immediate action if necessary. Additionally, maintaining heightened awareness of our surroundings is vital. Paying attention to suspicious individuals or activities can help us identify potential threats and take appropriate precautions. Memorizing important telephone numbers, such as those of our parents and the local authorities, empowers us to seek help promptly in case of emergencies.   

Furthermore, it is advisable to avoid venturing out alone, especially in unfamiliar areas or during late hours. Travelling in groups not only provides a sense of security but also deters potential kidnappers. Sharing personal information with strangers can be a risky proposition. It is best to exercise caution and refrain from divulging details like our home address, phone number, or school name to individuals we do not know well. Finally, it is crucial to approach strangers with skepticism. Even if they appear friendly, it is wise to maintain a safe distance and avoid engaging in conversations that could compromise our safety.

By adhering to these simple guidelines, we can significantly enhance our safety and protect ourselves from potential harm. Remember, safety is a shared responsibility. By taking proactive measures and being vigilant, we can contribute to a safer environment for ourselves and our peers.

• Surge: sudden large increase in something 

• Cast a shadow: To cast means to throw, and shadow means a dark area produced by a body coming between rays of light and surface. Cast a shadow means that they create an influence or effect often negative or gloomy one, on a situation or other people.

• deters: to prevent someone from doing something

• proposition: plan of action 

• To exercise: means to practice or do something you don't do often or well.

• caution: care and attention

• refrain: to avoid doing or stop yourself from doing something बचना, रूकना

• divulging: divulge; to tell something that is secret.

• approach: to come near to somebody 

• skepticism: doubt, trustworthiness

Can Computers replace classroom teaching

 Q. Information technology has brought about a revolution in all fields. Computer aided education is fast becoming the order of the day. The market is flooded with educational CDs and online learning is a new phenomenon. Write an article on ‘Can Computers replace classroom teaching’, for your school magazine. 

I.
Can Computers replace classroom teaching
By: MNO

Technology plays a very dominant role in the society. It is spreading its tentacles in every field. Due to the advancement of technology, online education is proliferating in leaps and bounds.

Owing to the advancement in technology, classroom teaching can be replaced by computers. Easy accessibility is one the advantages avail by students. The students can attend their classes from any where across the globe through various online platforms such as zoom, google meet etc. Furthermore, There is a sufficient reduction in the paper work in computer aided learning and teaching, which discourage deforestation and consequently environment will be preserved.

Although replacing classroom teaching with Computers has innumerable benefits but its drawbacks cannot be overlooked. Firstly, sitting in front of computer for long hours can have detrimental effects on health. Spending more time stting in front of computer, have negative effect on their eyes and make them obese due to lack of physical activity.

It's high time to make changes in our education system. Instead of making whole education computer based, let's make a significant portion of education on computer and classroom teaching must also be given same weightage.

II.
Can Computers Replace Classroom Teaching?
By: NOP

Technology has become an integral part of our society, influencing every aspect of our lives. The rapid advancement of technology has led to the proliferation of online education.

While computer-aided learning offers many advantages, such as accessibility and reduced paper consumption, it cannot entirely replace traditional classroom teaching. Students can attend classes from anywhere in the world through online platforms like Zoom and Google Meet. However, prolonged screen time can have adverse health effects, including eye strain and obesity.

A balanced approach is essential. Integrating technology into education can enhance learning experiences. However, traditional classroom teaching remains crucial for fostering social skills, critical thinking, and hands-on learning. A judicious blend of both methods can provide the optimal learning environment for students.

Air pollution- a man-made catastrophe of the 21st Century.

 Q. The air quality in Delhi, the capital territory of India, according to a WHO survey of 1600 world cities, is the worst of any major city in the world. Air pollution in India is estimated to kill about 1.5 million people every year; it is the fifth largest killer in India. India has the world's highest death rate from chronic respiratory diseases and asthma, according to the WHO. Write an article in 150-200 words on “Air pollution- a man-made catastrophe of the 21st Century.” 

I.
Air Pollution- a man-made catastrophe of the 21st Century.
By:

As we all know that there are so many problems which we are facing around us. Air pollution is one of them. It has become a big issue to be discussed. The recent survey of 1600 cities has revealed that the air quality in the capital territory of India, Delhi is deteriorating with each passing day. It has been a great concern in recent years.

It is caused due to number of factors. One being the increasing number of vehicles on the roads. The smoke realease from vehicles is the major contributor in degrading our environment. With each passing, people are buying more and more vehicles or now each member in the family has their own personal vehicle, giving rise to pollution. Other factors include smoke from factories, burning of stabble by farmers etc.

The air pollution can have harmful effects on humans. This mainly includes the respiratory or breathing problems and asthma. This is the cause of severe cough and cold among people also. It also causes skin irritation, eye problems, etc. Animals, crops too affected by air pollution.

It is the need of the hour that some stringent steps should be taken to eradicate air pollution. Switching to electronic vehicles is a good move. Besides, afforestation should be promoted among public, implement odd even formula is also a good move in reducing pollution. Otherwise the whole earth will be suffer one day.

II. By: Neel
As we all know, there are numerous problems plaguing our world, and air pollution is one of the most pressing. It has become a major concern, particularly in regions like Delhi, India, where air quality is deteriorating rapidly.

Several factors contribute to this issue. One primary cause is the increasing number of vehicles on the roads. The emissions from these vehicles significantly degrade our environment. As more people own personal vehicles, the pollution levels escalate. Other contributing factors include industrial emissions, agricultural practices like stubble burning, and the burning of garbage.

Air pollution poses serious health risks to humans, animals, and crops. In humans, it primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to conditions like asthma, severe coughs, and colds. It can also cause skin irritation, eye problems, and other health issues.

To combat this crisis, immediate and stringent measures are necessary. Promoting the adoption of electric vehicles is a crucial step. Additionally, encouraging afforestation and implementing strategies like odd-even traffic regulations can help reduce pollution levels. If we fail to take decisive action, the entire planet will suffer the consequences.

• Catastrophe: disaster that cause great damage or suffering.
• plaguing: to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time.
• pressing: that must be dealt with immediately; urgent, requiring quick or immediate action or attention.
• decisive: making something certain or final, true or real.

III.
Air pollution has become a major concern in the 21st century, especially in developing countries like India. The air quality in Delhi, the capital of India, has been ranked as the worst in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO). This is a grave situation that demands immediate attention and action from the government and citizens alike.

Air pollution is caused by the presence of harmful substances in the air, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. These substances are released into the air by various human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and transportation. In India, the main sources of air pollution are vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and the burning of crop stubble.

The effects of air pollution on human health are alarming. According to the WHO, air pollution is responsible for 1.5 million deaths in India every year, making it the fifth largest killer in the country. It has been linked to various respiratory diseases, including chronic bronchitis, asthma, and lung cancer. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution.

Apart from its impact on human health, air pollution also has a detrimental effect on the environment. It contributes to climate change and damages crops and vegetation. This, in turn, affects the food supply and the overall well-being of the population. The government has taken some steps to tackle air pollution, such as implementing the National Clean Air Program and promoting the use of electric vehicles. However, these efforts are not enough, and more needs to be done to improve the air quality in India. Citizens also have a crucial role to play in reducing air pollution. We must all take responsibility for our actions and make conscious efforts to reduce our carbon footprint.

In conclusion, air pollution is a man-made catastrophe that requires urgent attention. It is not just a problem for the present generation, but it will also have a significant impact on the future generations if not addressed promptly. It is time for all of us to come together and take concrete steps to combat air pollution and make our air cleaner and healthier for all. Let us make a conscious effort to reduce our carbon footprint and contribute towards a cleaner and greener tomorrow.  

IV. THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH.

Air pollution is a prevalent issue that has detrimental effects on human health. This essay will explore the multiple causes and consequences of air pollution, highlighting the interconnectedness between environmental factors and public well-being.

 The primary cause of air pollution is industrial emissions. Factories and power plants release harmful pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to the formation of smog, which can be inhaled by individuals, leading to respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Furthermore, vehicular emissions also contribute significantly to air pollution, particularly in urban areas with heavy traffic congestion.

The effects of air pollution on human health are alarming. Prolonged exposure to polluted air can cause respiratory diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Studies have also linked air pollution to an increased risk of  cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, children and the elderly are more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution, as their immune systems are less robust.

Moreover, air pollution has broader societal consequences. It contributes to the degradation of ecosystems, reduces crop yields, and harms biodiversity. It also poses economic burdens by increasing healthcare costs and decreasing productivity due to illnesses and absenteeism.

In conclusion, air pollution has far-reaching effects on human health and the environment. The causes, including industrial emissions and vehicular pollution, directly impact the quality of the air we breathe. The consequences, such as respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems, highlight the urgent need for measures to mitigate and control air pollution. Efforts to reduce emissions, promote cleaner technologies, and raise public awareness are crucial steps toward safeguarding human health and preserving the environment for future generations.

Lives lost in road accidents

 Q. Many road accidents culminates (ends) in deaths, due to non-availability of swift medical care. Reluctance (unwillingness, अनिच्‍छा) of the public to react practically to such situations could be counted as a valid reason. Draft an article pondering on other flaws that lead to this state and possible measures to better the prevailing condition. You are Raj/Rajni Sanya, Sub-Editor to the fortnightly magazine, The Citizen.

I.
Curbing the Carnage: Addressing the Urgent Issue of Road Accidents
By: PQR

In our rapidly urbanizing world, the number of vehicles on the road is steadily increasing. With each household owning multiple vehicles, the risk of road accidents has become a pressing concern. The alarming rate of fatalities caused by these accidents demands immediate attention and collective action.

One of the primary reasons for this crisis is the public's apathy towards road accident victims. Instead of offering assistance, many people are content with merely observing the scene or shooting with mobile cameras, often hindering rescue efforts. This lack of empathy and inaction can have dire consequences for the injured.

Another significant factor contributing to road accidents is the growing impatience and recklessness among drivers. The constant rush to reach destinations, often disregarding traffic rules and regulations, has resulted in numerous accidents. Furthermore, the delayed arrival of medical assistance, due to various factors such as traffic congestion and inadequate emergency services, exacerbates the situation.

To mitigate this growing problem, we must foster a culture of empathy and responsibility. By actively helping accident victims and ensuring timely medical attention, we can save countless lives. Each individual has the power to make a difference by taking prompt action and reporting accidents to the authorities.

It is imperative that we prioritize road safety and implement stricter regulations to deter reckless driving. Additionally, investing in robust infrastructure and efficient emergency services can significantly reduce the severity of accidents and improve response times.
Let us work together to create a safer road environment for everyone. By adopting a proactive approach and demonstrating compassion, we can curb the carnage on our roads and build a future free from the tragic consequences of road accidents.

Vocabulary:–
Carnage: the violent killing of a large number of people.
Steadily: regular and even (equal) manner
Fatalities: deaths cause by accidents.
Apathy: lack of interest
Empathy: ability to understand and share the feelings of another
Inaction: lack of action
Dire: terrible, dreadful, very bad or serious
exacerbates: to make something worse specially disease or problem; बिगाड़ देना
Robust: strong
Severity: condition of something being extremely bad or serious.
Proactive: taking actions in advance to prevent issues
approach: viewpoint, angle नजरिया

tragic: that makes you very sad, especially because it involves death

II.
Road accidents are a major cause of concern in our country, not just because of the damage they cause to vehicles and roads, but also because of the precious lives they claim. According to a report by the World Health Organization, India accounts for nearly 11% of road accident deaths globally, making it the highest among all countries. What is even more alarming is the fact that a large number of these fatalities could have been avoided if timely medical care had been provided.

One of the major flaws that contribute to this unfortunate situation is the reluctance of the public to react practically in such situations. It is a common sight to see people gathering around an accident site, but instead of helping the victims, they choose to take pictures and videos on their phones. This not only reflects the insensitivity of people but also delays the arrival of medical aid. In many cases, people are also hesitant to take the injured to a hospital, fearing legal complications and police involvement.

Another factor that adds to the problem is the lack of awareness and training among the public on how to provide basic first aid in case of an accident. Many people do not know how to administer CPR or stop bleeding, which could make a huge difference in saving a life. This lack of knowledge and preparedness often leads to panic and confusion, resulting in further delay in medical assistance. Moreover, the inadequate number of ambulances and trained paramedics in our country also adds to the problem. In many cases, ambulances take a long time to reach the accident site, and in some remote areas, they are not available at all. This delay in reaching the hospital can prove to be fatal, especially in cases where the victims have suffered severe injuries.

To improve the prevailing condition, it is imperative that we address these flaws and take necessary measures. First and foremost, there is a need to create awareness among the general public on the importance of providing timely medical care to accident victims. Government and non-government organizations can conduct training programs to educate people on basic first aid techniques. Schools and colleges can also include first aid training in their curriculum to equip the younger generation with life-saving skills. Secondly, there is an urgent need for the government to invest in improving the emergency medical services in the country. This includes increasing the number of ambulances and trained paramedics, especially in remote areas. The government can also consider implementing a system of rewards and incentives for individuals or organizations that provide timely medical assistance to accident victims.

In conclusion, it is high time that we, as a society, take responsibility for our actions and do our part in improving the state of road accidents in our country. It is not just the responsibility of the government or medical professionals but also of every citizen to ensure that timely medical care is provided to accident victims. Let us pledge to be more sensitive, aware, and prepared to save lives in the face of a road accident. After all, a life saved is a life gained.

III. "Road Accidents: A Call for Active Citizen Response"
By:

Road accidents have become a major concern in today's fast-paced world. With the growing number of vehicles on the road, the risk of accidents has also increased. According to a report by the World Health Organization, road accidents claim around 1.35 million lives every year globally, making it the leading cause of death among young adults aged 15-29 years.

While there are various factors that contribute to road accidents, one of the major reasons for the high number of fatalities is the lack of swift medical care. It is a common sight to see people passing by an accident scene without lending a helping hand. The reluctance of the public to react practically to such situations is a major flaw that leads to the loss of precious lives. People are often hesitant to get involved in the fear of legal hassles, lack of knowledge on how to provide first aid, or simply assuming someone else will take care of the situation. Moreover, the infrastructure for emergency medical care is also inadequate in many places. The availability of ambulances and trained medical personnel at the accident site is crucial in saving lives. However, in many cases, the ambulance takes too long to reach the spot due to traffic congestion or lack of proper routes. This delay in medical help can prove fatal for the victims.

Apart from the lack of public response and inadequate infrastructure, there are other flaws that contribute to the high number of deaths in road accidents. One of them is the lack of awareness and education among people about road safety. Many people are not aware of basic traffic rules and regulations, which often leads to reckless driving and accidents. Moreover, the absence of strict enforcement of traffic laws also adds to the problem.

To better the prevailing condition, it is imperative that we, as responsible citizens, take active steps towards road safety. Firstly, it is crucial to educate ourselves and others about traffic rules and road safety measures. This can be done through awareness campaigns, workshops, and seminars. The government must also focus on improving the infrastructure for emergency medical care, including the availability of ambulances and trained medical personnel. In addition, it is essential to encourage and incentivize citizens to provide first aid in case of accidents. This can be done by offering rewards or recognition to those who have actively helped in saving lives during road accidents. The government must also ensure strict enforcement of traffic laws and impose penalties for violations to deter reckless driving.

In conclusion, road accidents are a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. It is our responsibility as citizens to actively respond to such situations and take measures to prevent them. We must educate ourselves and others about road safety measures, and the government must improve the infrastructure for emergency medical care. By working together, we can make our roads safer and save countless lives.