Ans. Several changes have taken place in the field of management. As a result of these changes, professional management has been replacing traditional management. Similarly, Human Resource Management has taken the place of Personnel Management. But still some organisations and institutions call it as labour management while most of the organisations and educational institutions have recognised it as human resource management. On account of such changes in the modern world, human resource managements will face many new challenges.
1. Population Explosion: Population has grown rapidly in India and many other countries of the world. As a result, there will be need for new activities, new methods of production and distribution. Because of increase in average expectancy of life, ratio of older employees in the organisation will increase. There will be change in population mix. HR policies will have to pay attention to this fact.
2. Increase in Education Level: In recent years, number of educated workers in the organisation has gone up. Needs of educated workers are quite different from that of uneducated ones. Educated consumers and workers have rendered the job of prospective managers more challenging. Consequently, those HR policies which were formulated several years ago, when most of the workers were illiterate, will become irrelevant.
3. Technological Development: Management will also be influenced by rapid technological development. They will need such prospective employees who could operate modern machines efficiently. Besides, constant training will be required to maintain the skill of existing employees. In future, the organisations will have to make technological forecasting like man-power forecasting. Automatic machines and equipments are opposed by the trade unions. Managements will have to take them into confidence before going ahead with the installation of these equipments.
4. Change in Political Environment: In order to safeguard the interest of workers, consumers and society, government will interfere in business. In order to protect the interests and rights of all in the organisation and to strike a proper balance among them, legislations are likely to be introduced. Hence, the managements while chalking out HR policies must keep this in mind.
5. Change in Sources of Manpower: As a result of better educational facilities, candidates belonging to scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, and other backward class and minorities will be important sources of recruitment in future. Hence while framing recruitment policy in different organisations, these sources must be taken care of.
6. Complexities of Human Relations: Existence of more than one trade union, affiliation of trade unions with different political parties are other challenging problems for the management to tackle with. In addition, internal trade union rivalries may also pose serious problems for the organisation. It may therefore, become still more difficult to establish good human relations. All this will necessitate greater efficiency and more tact on the part of the human resource management.
7. Greater Importance to Health and Safety Programmes: Because of statutory pressures, human resource management will have to implement provisions relating to health ànd security.
In future, more attention will be paid to human resource management. Besides, the management will look after the following in times to come:
(i) Leadership will have to shed authoritative approach and adopt participative approach.
(ii) While dealing with the employees, they will adopt humanitarian approach.
(iii) Talent and creative capacity will be encouraged. In order to increase the qualities of the employees, they will be suitably awarded.
(iv) More preference will be given to humanitarian approach rather than legal and rule bound approach.
(v) Human factors have an important role to play in the achievement of organisation’s objectives. This approach will be duly recognised.
(vi) Human Resource Management will be given higher status than other functional fields like marketing management, financial management and production management.
(vii) Human resource Management will lay stress on full development of human resources in the organisation.
(viii) Trade unions will be given due importance in the management of the industries.
(ix) Human Resource Management will now include development of the organisation, career planning and development, good industrial environment, national wage policy and social justice, etc.
(x) With a view to solving labour related problems, professional managers will have to be appointed.
According to Gary Dessler, “Globalisation, technological trends, workforce and demographic trends, economic challenges, trends in nature of work, deregulation are the recent trends shaping HR management.” To meet these human resource management challenges, HR managers will have to handle these challenges with appropriate human resource management strategies.
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