Sentences, its parts and its kinds.

Meaning of Sentence:  Sentence refers to/means a group of words that/which makes a complete sense.

Parts of Sentence: Each Sentence has two parts or components:

1. Subject: About which we speak is called subject. िजसके बारे मे कुछ कहा जाए Subject of a sentence is the part of sentence which names the person or thing we are speaking about. OR The word or words denoting the person or thing about which something is said.

2. Predicate: What is said about the subject is called predicate. Subject के बारे मे कुछ कहा जाए Predicate of a sentence is the part of sentence which say about a person or a thing denoted/indicated by the subject. OR The part of sentence which tell something about the subject.

For e.g. i) Rohan       writes a letter.

                  Subject.        Predicate.  

ii) The Himalayas  are full of herbs used in                                       the treatment of diseases.

Subject                         Predicate

Kinds of Sentences: Sentences can be classified on the following two basis:

1. On the basis of form and structure: There are three types of Sentence

i) Simple Sentences: A simple sentence is one which has only one subject and one predicate. OR A simple sentence is one which has only one Finite verb.

*A Finite verb is one which is limited by number and person of its subject.

e.g. i) Boys fly Kites.

       ii) Gold is yellow.

ii) Compound Sentences: Sentences which has two or more subordinate clauses/ co-ordinate clauses.

iii) Complex Sentences: A sentence is one which has one principal clause and one or more than one subordinate clause.

e.g. 1. He is a man whom we all respect.

*Principal clause is a clause which is itself a complete Sentence.

e.g. He said He was a rich man.

2. On the basis of Meaning/ sense:

i) Assertive Sentences: Sentence which states facts, describe things, or report events are called Statements. Statements are of two kinds:

a) Positive statements: Statement which give information on completeness of action.

e.g. The boy broke the window.

        Valmiki wrote Ramayana.

b) Negative statements: Statement which do not give information on completeness of action. These statements contain the word 'not'.

e.g. You did not go there.

       He is not a good boy.

ii) Interrogative Sentences: A sentence that asks a question is called interrogative sentence. Who, where, whom, when, what, how are used in these sentences.

e.g. What are you doing ?

        Whose book is this ?

         Whom do you like the most ?

Subject in these sentences do not come before the verb but after a part of verb.

A question mark (?) is used/ placed at the end of every interrogative Sentence.

iii) Imperative Sentences: A sentence that expresses a command, a request, an advice, a suggestion, prohibition, entreaty is called an imperative sentence.

eg. Be quite. (order)

      Never tell a lie. (Advice)

     Keep quite, girls. (command)

*Command- आदेश (Order) order means what you can or can't do authority. (Something/ someone under someone's control)

*Request- िवनय/िनवेदन An act of asking politely( in a respectful manner) or formally (in a serious and correct way) for something.

*Advice- सलाह To recommend best action to someone.

*Suggestion- Giving particular idea by associating (combining) it with other ideas.

*Prohibition- An order to stop Something.

*Entreaty- Humble, polite or serious request.

iv) Exclamatory Sentence: A sentence that express wonder, sorrow, admiration, joy, etc. is called as exclamatory sentence.

e.g. 1) Hurrah! We won the match. (hurrah used to express joy)

2) How beautiful city it is !

3) Alas! I have lost all my children. (Alas used to express grief, pity दया, or concern िचंता worry.

4) Bravo! You have done well. (Bravo used for conmenting someone for well done job)

v) Optative Sentences: A sentence that express a wish or desire (इच्छा) is called optative sentence.

eg. 1) May you live long!

      2) May your team win the match!