Table interpretation.

 Q. The given table show the sales of Fair Trade for coffee and bananas in 1990 and 2000. Write a report consisting of relevant comparisons and significant features. You write at least 150 words. 

The tables reveal the sales income of Fair Trade for coffee and bananas in two given years, 1990 and 2000. Data has calibrated in millions of euros.

It is vivid from the first table that substantial amount of money was expended by Switzerland to purchase coffee in the year 1990, that is, 15 million Euros, whereas, in the year 2000, UK spent maximum. Denmark’s spending on coffee was 1.8 million Euros in 1990, it surged minutely by 0.2 million Euros after a decade. Expenditure of Beligum and Sweden on coffee went up after 10 years.

Further, it is apparent from the second table that UK spent a huge amount of money for purchasing bananas in 1990 and 2000, amounts being, 15 and 47 million Euros correspondingly. There was a considerable increase in the expenditure of Switzerland on bananas over the span of one decade. Same was true for Denmark as well. The money expended on bananas by Belgium dropped from 18 million Euros in 1990 to 1 million Euros in 2000. Sweden’s expenditure on bananas almost halved from 1990 to 2000.

Overall, the highest amount of bananas was spent by UK in both the years and lowest on coffee was expended by Sweden in 1990 and 2000.

REFERRAL POINTS:

Tables // Sales income of Fair Trade for coffee and bananas // Time period – 1990 and 2000 // Data calibration – millions of euros // 1990 – Maximum expenditure on coffee by Switzerland // 2000 – Maximum expenditure on coffee by UK // Bananas – 1990 & 2000 – Maximum expenditure on coffee by UK.

VOCABULARY:

Show: reveal // calibrated: calculated // clear: vivid, apparent // spent: expended // surged: increased // elevated: increased // respectively: correspondingly // time period: duration, span

Describing Diagram

 Q. The given diagram shows the process of hydro-electric power generation. Write a report of minimum 150 words describing how the process works.

The image provided depicts the information about the production of electricity in various steps. 

It is clear that when the sun’s rays fall on the water in the sea, water evaporates in the form of vapour to form clouds. Once the clouds become heavy, there is rainfall. The rain water is stored in a reservoir behind a dam. On the requirement of energy, a valve is opened so that the stored water flows into a turbine that is attached to cables of high voltage and further to a transformer station.

As per the remaining process, the transformer station converts the energy of turbine, formed on its moving, into electrical energy. Following this, the power, thus produced, is sent to hospitals or schools as per requirement through cables which are fitted below the ground. Also, the extra water, after generation of power, is pumped back into the reservoir for its use, when needed.

Thus, from the overall analysis, it is clear that the production of electricity using water involves several steps which should be followed in order to bring desirable results.

REFERRAL POINTS: 

process of production of hydro electricity // sun rays cause evaporation and formation of clouds // when clouds are heavy, rain falls // rainwater is stored in a reservoir and sent to the turbine connected to high voltage cables // further, there is a transformer station to raise the voltage // unused water is sent back into the reservoir // electricity is supplied to schools, hospitals as per need through underground cables.

VOCABULARY:

shows: depicts // production: manufacturing // attached: connected, linked // requirement: need // involves: includes

Graph interpretation

 Q. The graphs below give information about computer ownership as a percentage of the population between 2001 and 2009, and by level of education for two years. Summarize the information by selecting the main features and make relevant comparisons. Write minimum 150 words. 

The bar graphs depict the information about the percentage of total computer ownership from 2001 to 2009 and ownership of computer as per educational qualifications for 2001 and 2009.

It can be seen from the first bar graph that in the year 2001, ownership of computers was nearly 58%. After that, it experienced a steady growth till the year 2009 and reached to approximately 71% in this year.

Further, the second bar graph depicts computer ownership by education level. The least was in the category of no high school diploma. It was about 12 and 42 percent for 2001 and 2009 respectively. The maximum ownership by education level was for post graduate qualification being nearly 98% in 2009 and almost 77% in 2001. The figures were relatively higher (above 80%) for college (incomplete) and bachelor’s degree in 2009 than 2001.

Thus, from the overall analysis, it is clear that computer ownership followed a continuous increasing trend and was highest at post graduation level.

REFERRAL POINTS:

Computer ownership trend from 2001 to 2009 // Ownership by education level for 2001 and 2009 // Highest computer ownership in 2009 at 80% // Lowest in 2001, below 60% // Ownership by level of education was most of post-graduation in both the years // The least was for no high school diploma in 2001 and 2009.

VOCABULARY: 

Percentage: proportion // show: depict // increasing: rising //;approximately: nearly // category: type // maximum: highest // qualification: educational degree // inclined: increased

proportion of population

 Q. The graph shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1930 and 1980 in three different countries.

The per-centum of the populace aged 65 and above from 1930 to 1950 is depicted in the line graph. The data given is for three countries. 

It is apparent that in 1930, Portugal had the highest percentage of people aged 65 and above. The figure continued to rise till 1950 and reached up to 15. However, the trend reversed between 1950 and 1970 as the percentage of the ageing population dropped by 2 per cent. After 1970, it again increased to nearly 22% in 1980.

Turning to spain, it is clear that population of senior citizens rose dramatically from nearly 15% in 1930 to about 25% in 1980. 

Moving further, London experienced most dramatic changes in the population of older people. The percentage of people aged 65 and over was just 5% in 1930. Interestingly, this figure rose exponentially and reached approximately 27% in the end.

It is, therefore, clear that the percentage of population aged 65 and beyond of all three nations went up by following a fluctuating trend. However, maximum increase was in London. 

REFERRAL POINTS:

Per centum of people of age 65 or higher // Three countries: London, Spain, Portugal // In 1930, least in London – 5% and maximum in Portugal – nearly 9% // In 1980, London highest population (above 25%) and lowest was in Portugal at about 23% // Spain had maximum fluctuations // Maximum rise in London // Least rise in Portugal 

VOCABULARY:

Rendered: given // Rise: increase // Nearly: approximately, almost // Peak: highest point // Maximum: highest // Minimum: lowest, least // Decreased: dropped