Graph interpretation.

 Q. The graph below shows the value of exports of 3 different items by one country from 1993 to 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write atleast 150 words. 

The line graph compares value of exports of selected items like fuel, food and manufactured goods over 6 years by one country. The data is given in million dollars.

It is evident that fuel worth 80000 dollars approximately was expected in 1995. A continuous decline was experienced in the subsequent years. In 1996, value of fuel exported dipped to nearly 70000 million dollars. In next 2 years, the figure dropped further and reached at almost 40000 million dollars in 1998. Later, in 1999 and 2000, it remained almost same at 30000 million dollars with only a marginal difference.

Moving further, the figures for export of food remained almost same throughout. The figures always kept below 10000 million dollars. Moving to manufactured goods, a fluctuating trend was observed. Initially, in 1995, the value of manufactured goods exported was nearly 20000 million dollars which doubled by 1997. After that, a fall was experienced and the figure reached 30000 million dollars in 1998. Thereafter, a gradual growth was seen till the last year of 2000.

Thus, continuous fall was witnessed in value of fuel exported over the years, whereas the value of manufactured goods experienced ups and downs. 

Referral Points:

value of exported goods // 6 different years // export value of fuel continuously dropped // In 1995, it was near 80000 dollars // stagnated in last two years // value of food exported was almost same throughout // slight drop in 1996 // manufactured goods had a fluctuating trend (20000 in 1995 & 33000 in 2000) // fall was seen in 1998 and then it again rose till 2000.

VOCABULARY: Show: illustrate // decline: decrease, drop // negligible: slight, little // grow: rise, increase // witnessed: experienced, observed // fluctuating: zigzag

Graph interpretation class IX

 Q. The graph demonstrate telephone calls put into categories in The United States from 2005 to 2012. Write a report of atleast 150 words reporting significant trends and figures along with suitable comparisons.

The given bar graph provides information about the total time spent on calls via fixed lines and mobile phones from 2005 to 2012 in UK. There are 3 types of calls given. The data is calibrated in thousands of minutes. 

Considering local fixed calls first. It is evident that 2008 and 2009 recorded the highest figures for such types of calls. The minutes of calls were same at about 90 thousands. However, year 2005 and 2012 recorded the lowest minutes of calls by fixed line (70 thousands minutes.)

Moving to national and international calls made through fixed line and all mobile calls, it is clear that the trend was upward in both the categories but the rate of increase in former was much higher in comparison with later. Initially the calls made by mobiles were 50 thousand minutes but by 2012, the figure reached at the highest point (inspected thousands minutes). A steady growth was seen in minutes of national and international fixed line calls starting at nearly 35 thousand minutes in 2005 and increasing to 62 thousand minutes by 2012.

Overall, in terms of talk time, local fixed lines topped the charts but rate of growth in case of mobile calls were maximum. 

REFERRAL POINTS: local fixed calls - in 2008 and 2009 - highest figures - 90 thousand // 2005 and 2012 - the lowest minutes (70 thousands minutes) // National and International calls made through fixed line and mobile calls, trend was upward // Mobile talk time- less than 5 thousand minutes (2005) // Mobile talk time- highest point (45 thousand minutes) - 2012 // Overall in terms of talk time, local fixed lines topped the charts but rate of growth in case of mobile talk time was maximum.

VOCABULARY: Elucidates: shows // approximately: nearly, about, almost // gradually: slowly, steadily // increased: rose // Subsequent: following

Diagram interpretation class IX

 Q. The flow chart shows how electricity is generated by a hydroelectric dam. 

Write a 150 words report for a university lecturer explaining how the process works.

The flow chart shows the process of generating electricity. The diagram reflects the entire structure of a hydroelectricity dam.

As it can be seen from the figure that a large dam is constructed and it is connected to a powerhouse. The dam forms a large reservoir across a river. Following this, water collected in the reservoir is sent out with force through a way made for admission or intake. It then flows into a narrow chamber called a penstock where the resulting high pressure moves a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator in the powerhouse above where the movement of the turbine produces electricity. This electricity leaves the powerhouse through wires which carry it to far off places where it can be used. After the turbine stage, water goes out through another channel into a river.

Thus, it is good that this process is renewable and is totally dependent on natural forces.

REFERRAL POINTS:

Process of generating electricity // entire structure of a hydroelectricity dam // large dam is constructed and it is connected to a powerhouse // water collected in the reservoir is sent out with force // flows into a narrow chamber // electricity leaves the powerhouse through wires which // water goes through another channel into a river // process is renewable and is totally dependent on natural forces. 

VOCABULARY: Elucidates: shows// Reservoir: tank// Chamber: Compartment// Turbine: a kind of machine

Topic: Incident you forgot important.

 Cue Card-45 

An incident where you forgot something important. 

• When was it? // What did you forget? // What was the result? // How did you feel.

I made the mistake of forgetting something four years ago. // I forgot to deposit my sister’s admission fee. // She was to begin school and her seat was given to someone else. // I was so upset with my carelessness.

To err is human. No one is perfect and I am no exception. 4 years ago my youngest sister was to begin school and my parents trusted me with the depositing her school fee as they had to go out of town due to an unfortunate demise in the family. I was sure that I would remember and be able to do so but sadly on the day which fee was to be deposited, I forgot about it. In the late afternoon I realized the terrible mistake I had made. My parents had advised me to set a reminder on my phone but I didn’t follow their advice because I was overconfident that it is a simple task and I will not forget to do it. I was extremely upset with the carelessness I exhibit at that time. I was filled with guilt that my mistake will cost my sister admission in the best girl’s school of our city. However, after a lot of efforts, we were able to secure her admission in that school. I and my parents spoke to the principal several times but she denied admission saying that she cannot bend the rules. An acquaintance who was known to the principal spoke to her and she obliged us by agreeing to admit my sister in the school. My parents did not scold me but asked me to learn a lesson from the incident. I learnt it that day and remember it till date. I make sure to write or set reminders for every important task.

Follow ups:

1. What do people do to remember things? (People generally write the things that they need to remember or set up alarms and reminders on their phone.)

2. Why do old people forget things easily? (Old people forget things easily because generally memory goes down with age.)

3. What kinds of things can people do to prevent a bad memory? (People get almonds to keep their memory sharp. They also avoid excessive use of mobile phones and other modern gadgets to prevent bad memory.)

4. Do you think memory is important while learning language? (Like for all other things, memory is important to learn a language because retention is important to learn a language.)

Related Question: An appointment you forgot.